In a 2024 paper titled "Corpus Enigmas and Contradictory Linguistics: Tensions Between Empirical Semantic Meaning and Judicial Interpretation" Peter Henderson and his colleagues argued that in recent years, there has been an increased interest in "corpus linguistics" – the quantitative analysis of large volumes of text, sometimes aided with machine learning – to inform legal meaning. In their research, they documented the tensions between empirical semantic meaning approaches and judicial interpretation. This paper was citied by the Arizona Supreme Court in a March 2025 concurrence / dissent.